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{"id":132,"date":"2018-04-21T11:18:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-21T11:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archicrewindia.com\/?p=132"},"modified":"2018-04-21T11:18:00","modified_gmt":"2018-04-21T11:18:00","slug":"early-christian-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archicrewindia.com\/early-christian-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Early Christian Architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n
Early Christian Architecture<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n(313 \u2013 800 )<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
GEOGRAPHICAL<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Christianity ha its birth in Judea, an eastern province of the Roman Empire<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>It was naturally carried by St. Peter and St. Paul and other missionaries in Rome, as the center of the world empire<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In spite of the opposition and persecution, the new religion took root and grew, till it was strong enough to become the recognized universal religion of the whole Roman empire<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Early Christian architecture was influenced and was the logical outcome of existing Roman empire and it was modified in other parts of the empire according to the type already recognized as suitable or the geographical situation of those countries such as Syria, Asia Minor, North Africa and Egypt<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\nGEOLOGICAL<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Geological influences may be said to have acted indirectly rather than directly on Early Christian architecture for the ruins of the Roman buildings often provided the quarry whence material were obtained<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>This influenced the style, both as regards to construction and decoration, for columns and other architectural features, as well as fine sculptures <\/span>and mosaic from older buildings, were worked into basilican churches of the new faith <\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\nCLIMATIC<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The climatic conditions of the Roman provinces as Egypt, Syria and North Africa were Christianity was established naturally modified the style<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The fiercer the sun and hotter the climate necessitated small windows and other eastern features<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\nHISTORICAL AND SOCIAL<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The Early Christian period is generally taken as lasting from the reign of Constantine to the coronation of Charlemagne<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The incursion of the Huns into Europe about 376 eventually brought about invasion from north into Italy<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 410 Rome was sacked by the Goths under Alaric<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 451, when the defeat o Atilla, king of the Huns at the Battle of Chalons aided in the consolidation of Christianity in Europe<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 568, the Lombards penetrated into Italy and held the northern part for 200 years<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 800, Charlemagne was crowned by the pope in Rome, and from this date the Empire was styled the Holy Roman Empire, a title which lasted until 1806<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>From 800 to 1000 the dominant architectural influence was no longer Rome but Lombardy, and the style which developed there was Romanesque<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Constantine changed the capital of the empire from Rome to Byzantium in 330 when the old Roman political system came to an end and this royal convert reigned as an absolute monarch till his death in 337<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 364, the division of the Roman Empire took place when Valentinian became the Emperor of the west and his brother Valens in the east<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Theodosius the Great ( 379-395) reunited for the first time the eastern and the western empires and in 438 Theodosius II published his legal code, an important work in the constitution of the emperors<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In AD 476 series of emperors in the west came to an end and the Eastern and Western Empires were nominally reunited by Zeno, who reigned in Constantinople<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Then again the seat o power was changed <\/span>and Theodoric the Goth reigned in Italy during a period of peace and prosperity<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00d8 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Byzantine art influence Early Christian art by way of Ravenna<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00d8 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kings were now elected for separate states of Spain, Gaul, Northern Africa and Italy<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00d8 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Emancipation of western Europe from the direct imperial control resulted in <\/span>the development of Romano-Teutonic civilization which facilitated the growth of new states and nationalities<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\no <\/span><\/span><\/span>Gave fresh impulse to Christianity<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\no <\/span><\/span><\/span>Strengthen the power of the bishops of Rome<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\no <\/span><\/span><\/span>Resulted in the growth and development of Romance and Teutonic language which for general use, largely replaced Latin<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
RELIGIOUS<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Christianity has inspired the building of some of the greatest architectural monuments<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The number of Christian communities established by Apostle Paul in his missionary journeys round the Eastern Mediterranean, in Syria, Asia Minor, Greece and Italy <\/span>produced numerous Early Christian basilican churches all throughout the district<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Unlike those o the old Greeks and Roman temples which were built to shelter the statue of the gods, the purpose of the Christian churches was to shelter worshippers who met for prayers and praise to an unseen deity<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 313 Constantine and Licinus issued their celebrated Edict of Milan, giving equal rights to Christianity with other religion<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>In 326 Constantine Constantine made Christianity the official religion o the Roman Empire<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The Early Christians, as Roman craftsmen continued old Roman tradition, but prosperity was declining and it was natural that for their buildings, they should utilize as far as possible the materials from Roman temples which had become useless for their original purpose<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Churches were modeled after Roman basilicas, they used old columns that were brought to a uniform height<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Basilican churches had either closely spaced columns carrying entablature or more widely spaced columns carrying semi circular arches<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Basilican churches with three or five aisles, covered by a simple timber roof, is typical of the Early Christian style<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n\u00b7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>The architectural character of the basilican churches is rendered impressive and dignified by long perspective of columns which carry the eye along to the sanctuary<\/o:p><\/span><\/div>\n