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{"id":47,"date":"2020-08-05T18:04:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T18:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archicrewindia.com\/?p=47"},"modified":"2021-11-10T15:06:06","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:36:06","slug":"jamaican-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archicrewindia.com\/jamaican-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Jamaican Architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"jamaican-famous-architecture,<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Introduction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The original inhabitants, the Tainos of Central America, named this island \u201cXamayca\u201d<\/b> meaning \u201cLand of wood and water<\/b>\u201d and despite the damage and deforestation of the last five centuries, it is still an apt description of Jamaica which in its 4411 square miles<\/b> has mountains and plains and many rivers.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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The climate is described as \u201cTropical Maritime\u201d We have seasonal rainfall, tropical temperatures, and relatively high humidity<\/b>but good cooling breeze and trade winds. However, we are in a hurricane and earthquake zone.<\/b><\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
In Jamaica, over 90% of the people are of African origin<\/b> but there are many Asian, European and Middle Eastern migrants mixed in. The Taino did not survive the coming of the Europeans but their agricultural practices survive and their building traditions are relevant today.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
The population of Jamaica<\/span><\/i><\/b> is just under three Million and the economy is based on tourism, agriculture, and bauxite mining.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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Vernacular Architecture of Jamaica<\/h3>\n
There could be no truer use of materials than in the structures of the Tainos whose buildings had thatch roofs that insulated and shaded and porous walls of vertical poles through which light and air could pass. These houses operated on the same principle as hammocks, allowing air to circulate and keep the occupant cool.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
The European settlers had other plans. They soon started importing and making bricks, cutting stone, and burning lime to make mortar to build as they knew how. They learned through trial and error what gives a building \u201cclimate resilience\u201d as we call it today.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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Carpenters, masons, carvers, and other artisans and architects came, from America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, albeit under very different circumstances. They brought with them their idea of what a building should be and the methods and details of putting them together. As cultures of the four continents collided, some aspects of building traditions, of forms and features, were discarded, while others that suited the climate and the way of life were embraced and developed. Architectural styles imported and applied to Civic and Plantation Buildings were adapted for use in towns and countries in buildings of different sizes. Ideas travelled between the island colonies in the Caribbean and up and down the North American coast. Through this complex process, Caribbean Creole vernacular architecture was created.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
The resulting buildings were almost of necessity sustainable. For the most part, the materials were local wood, stone, thatch, and earth, suiting the climate and resistance in many ways to earthquakes and hurricanes. I believe we can learn from the principles that these early vernacular buildings embody and offer some examples.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n

Natural Cooling<\/h3>\n
There are many examples of early buildings that use natural cooling techniques such as Shading, Cross ventilation & Convection to keep interiors cool during the hot cycles of the day and the year, taking advantage of prevailing winds.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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Hurricane Resistance<\/h3>\n
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Hurricanes impact the Caribbean and North America from June through November, often with devastating consequences. The geometry of roofs, reduction of exposed elements, use of ventilating elements to reduce pressure build-up and proper bracing and jointing methods have meant that many early vernacular buildings have survived season after season of hurricanes.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n

Earthquake Resistance<\/span><\/h3>\n
As we saw in 2010 in Haiti, our close neighbour, earthquakes can take a terrible toll on the peoples and economies of this region. There is evidence that before being completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1692 the town of Port Royal was similar to the city of London before the fire, tall buildings cheek by jowl and of both masonries, and timber construction. In that same earthquake, it was reported that the only buildings that survived in the inland capital Spanish Town, which the English had seized from the Spanish were those built of \u201cSpanish Walling\u201d which is nog construction- a timber frame in-filled with stone or brick in a lime and earth mortar, and rendered with lime mortar- a flexible structure.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
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